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Technology

We clarify what know-how is, its sorts, origin, historical past and different traits. As well as, its significance and varied examples.

Technology
With know-how, instruments had been invented to enhance the standard of life.

What's know-how?

Expertise is the  set of scientific  notions and data that human beings use to realize a exact goal , which often is the resolution of a  particular drawback  of the person or the satisfaction of considered one of their wants.

It's a broad idea that covers all kinds of facets and disciplines inside  electronics ,  artwork  or medication. For instance: The creation of robots for the automation of repetitive duties or   animal cloning.

Kinds of applied sciences

Expertise will be categorized in several methods relying on the traits which are taken under consideration.

Relying on the kind of product :

  • onerous applied sciences. They use parts of the onerous sciences reminiscent of engineering, mechanics,  arithmetic ,  physics ,  chemistry . The product obtained is seen and tangible, that's, it's the manufacturing of fabric items. For instance: the event of a cell machine.
  • gentle applied sciences. They depend on the humanistic or gentle sciences, reminiscent of  sociology ,  psychology ,  economics . Typically, they're used to enhance processes and obtain larger effectivity in establishments or firms . The product obtained will not be seen or tangible, because it consists of the event of providers , methods , theories. For instance: the event of software program .

Based on the American sociologist James David Thompson:

  • Versatile applied sciences. They're utilized in totally different areas, that's, they've a number of makes use of. For instance: the microchip utilized in telephones and computer systems.
  • Fastened applied sciences. They're used for the manufacturing of a sure product, or in a sure space. They're applied sciences designed and produced with a single function. For instance: rat poison is used just for the elimination of stated animal.

Based on the extent of innovation :

  • Innovative applied sciences. Additionally known as “excessive applied sciences” or “newest applied sciences”, they're extra superior applied sciences, accessible in a sure place and time.
  • Acceptable applied sciences. They're applied sciences which are designed bearing in mind the environmental , social and financial impression in a given society .

Relying in your software:

  • Operation applied sciences. They're obtained after an extended interval of examine, remark and expertise .
  • laptop applied sciences. They're developed by the producers of a sure product.
  • Product applied sciences. They mix instruments and data to supply a sure product.

Origin and evolution of know-how

technology fire history prehistory
The invention of using fireplace was one of many first technological advances.

Instinctively, for the reason that starting of historical past , folks sought to develop know-how ( strategies  to enhance their  high quality of life ). The discoveries that man has made over time have formed the world as it's recognized right this moment, due to this fact, know-how has existed for the reason that starting of the species, though it has not been known as as such till the eighteenth century .

Formally talking, know-how has its origin when approach (initially empirical) started to be linked to  science  and on this approach manufacturing strategies are structured.

All through the totally different intervals of humanity there have been discoveries which have modified the best way through which the human being pertains to himself and the surroundings that surrounds him:

  • Stone Age ( Paleolithic , Mesolithic and Neolithic). It was characterised by means of stone for the manufacture of utensils and the event of agriculture with rudimentary instruments for managing the land. The invention of fireplace was one of many first applied sciences that supplied notable advantages to the human being.
  • Metallic Age. It was characterised by the event of agriculture , animal domestication and the transition from nomadism to sedentary way of life. The smelting of copper , bronze and iron developed. The Egyptian civilization is credited with the invention of papyrus and pottery; the Romans developed subtle agriculture, improved the know-how of working with iron, and developed civil and army engineering; Chinese language civilization is credited with the invention of paper, the iron plough, the compass, the propeller, the crossbow, and gunpowder .
  • Center Ages . The looks of the trendy printing press was one of the necessary milestones inside this era.
  • Industrial Revolution . It was a interval of social, financial, technological and cultural transformations characterised by the event of anurban and industrialized economic system . Probably the most distinguished innovations of this time was the steam engine . In the course of the nineteenth century, the telegraph, the sunshine bulb, the phone, and the car arose.
  • Twentieth century. There was an amazing technological improvement with discoveries such because the airplane, radio, tv , the laptop, in addition to necessary advances in nuclear know-how, know-how utilized to medication and house know-how. Inside this century there was the Info and Telecommunication Revolution or the Info Age (1985-2000).
  • XXI century. Technological progress (additionally known as the scientific-technological revolution or the intelligence revolution) advanced quickly. Expertise and communications rework business. New applied sciences are those who emerge after  World Warfare II. Its speedy progress and insertion into society introduced necessary penalties. The risk is basically provided that the human being is ready to management and dominate them.

Significance of know-how

technology features
Expertise has allowed us to entry bigger territories on the earth.

The discoveries and the looks of recent instruments produced by know-how had been key to human and societal improvement. Expertise brings nice discoveries that permit us to enhance manufacturing, save time, enhance the high quality of life , make life simpler in society, shorten distances, get to know the planet.

Expertise emerged as a human have to fulfill particular person and collective needs utilizing scientific data and strategies to resolve issues and fulfill their wants. It has allowed the human being to know in depth the surroundings that surrounds him and modify it to realize his targets; By way of the centuries man invented and modified instruments to enhance his way of life.

Expertise has introduced with it discoveries within the area of drugs, advances in entry to info, in communication and transportation, in simplifying duties.

Expertise Options

  • It's current in all areas of private life and in society , reminiscent of work, schooling , medication, communication.
  • It permits the manufacture of recent objects: by it, the human being modifies the surroundings that surrounds him.
  • It's accountable for most of man's discoveries .
  • Whether it is used effectively , it improves the standard of life of the human being, whether it is misused it could cause severe injury to people and to society.
  • It's topic to change (technological adjustments happen discontinuously).
  • Its developments indicate cultural , labor and social adjustments.
  • Uneven technological improvement can create social and financial gaps inside a neighborhood or between areas or nations.

Examples of applied sciences

technology example 3d printer
3D printers create three-dimensional objects by overlapping layers of supplies.
  • Robotics . It makes use of instruments and data from varied disciplines (digital engineering, electrical engineering, laptop science ) for the design and manufacture of robots. It's anticipated that these robots can carry out automated duties and jobs which are routine and tedious for people or decrease manufacturing prices in industries.
  • Cryptocurrencies. They're a sort of digital foreign money that makes use of distributed ledger know-how (permits transactions to be recorded and synchronized between a number of customers in several areas).
  • 3d print. It's a sort of addition printing that effectively creates distinctive elements and sophisticated geometries on all kinds of supplies. By way of 3D printing, a three-dimensional object is created by superimposing layers of supplies, and it's utilized in numerous industries for various makes use of.
  • Synthetic intelligence. It entails creating machines that mimic the cognitive capabilities of people. This know-how is utilized in varied disciplines reminiscent of economics, medication, transportation, sport software program, system management, handwriting recognition, speech recognition, and sample recognition in on-line assistants.
  • Autonomous autos. Expertise is used to create driverless automobiles which are programmed to imitate human drive and management capabilities. Such a car perceives the surroundings by laser methods, radar, laptop imaginative and prescient. There are a number of applications which are testing this new know-how to see if it may be put to in depth use.
  • Biotechnology. It's the self-discipline that makes use of know-how to create merchandise from organic methods and dwelling organisms . Biotechnology has been accountable for the creation of vaccines and antibodies and is utilized in medication, agriculture, business and environmental care .

 

Relationship between science and know-how

technology science
Expertise makes use of data from science to develop items or providers.

The idea of know-how is usually confused with that of science. On the one hand, science is an ordered set of data obtained by remark and experimentation.

Quite the opposite, know-how takes data and strategies from totally different sciences and makes use of them to develop tangible and intangible items or providers that contribute to human improvement.

Whereas science permits us to know sure phenomena, know-how offers with combining and modifying them effectively to resolve an issue or fulfill a necessity. Due to this fact, know-how relies upon totally on the existence of science. Scientific advances additionally indicate new alternatives for technological improvement.

In current many years, the R+D+I (Analysis, Improvement and Innovation) idea, which mixes scientific and technological examine, has gained notoriety.